Okay so my sociology professor from this past semester has yet to post my grade. It was due a few days ago.

Normally, I wouldn't worry too much about it but she needs to post the grade on my record ASAP because I was on probation this past semester and now the school and I need to know this grade so I'll know if I'll have to go in to appeal dismissal or not.

How can I politely ask for my professor to hurry up?

Well, there's only really two ways you could do this.

The first way would be just being straightforward about, tell your professor that it's really important that your grade gets posted. You could go as far as to explain to them your situation, just don't be to disdainful towards them.

For the second way, you can plan out how you would interact with your professor to motivate them towards posting your grade sooner.

In general, no matter how you try to be polite, you need to keep an appropriate tone of voice. Don't yell, raise your voice, nor be monotone about it. Think about how she's going to interpret your words, something that you may think will sound polite, may not be interpreted as polite by your professor. The last thing you would want is your for her to overreact because she misinterpreted what you really meant.

Last but not least, if your conversation with your professor doesn't go well, don't freak out. Be accepting whether or not if she decides speed things up. I'm sure that if your grade was due a few days ago, that it won't be too long until you see your result.

If your professor has been teaching for any decent amount of time, they'll have been through this situation before and they'll also understand. Since emails are easier to put aside, I'd go directly to his/her office.  Politely ask her and explain the situation. Even if he/she is not ready to post EVERYONE's grade, he/she can make sure the next grade he/she works on is yours.  If your professor has some small excuse that takes little time (i.e. "I haven't put the grades in the system yet." or "I just need to do this small thing which takes no time"), you can even insinuate that you aren't leaving until the grade is submitted.  You don't have to be rude or pushy, but in your case, it's a pretty big deal.  Besides, if it's a simple matter and you refuse to leave until the grade is done, it's not like the teacher can do anything to you.

Your teacher is a sociology professor so maybe she wants you to ask him/her and knows that you are worry about the grades (confusion ). I would just ask her straight forward without beating around the bush.

Well, guess what guys!?
I finally got the grade AND I got off of probation!
I don't have to go in and appeal dismissal!
I got to download a copy of my unofficial transcript online
and I got a GPA above a 2.0 overall!